Saturday, 7 January 2012

SOLAR CELLS NUMERICAL SOLUTION

This project is done by Mr.Balaji padmanaban on Arizona state university

        Solar energy is becoming one of the primary sources of energy replacing fossil
fuels due to its abundance. Its versatility, abundance and environmental friendly have
made it one of the most promising renewable sources of energy. Solar cells convert this
solar energy into Electrical Energy used to drive various appliances. The effort to
improve the efficiency of these cells and the reduction of their costs has been a major
concern for a long time. Modeling of various structures of solar cells provides an insight
into the physics involved in its operation and better understanding of the ways to improve
their efficiency.
         In this work a three dimensional Drift Diffusion Model has been developed and
has been used to simulate Silicon Solar cells. This model involves the self consistent
solution of the Poisson and Continuity Equations. A pn silicon solar cell has been
simulated to test the working of the code. Later a p+-p-n+ and n+-p-p+ structure of
various lengths has been simulated to understand the physics behind the operation of a
realistic silicon solar cell. Recombination mechanisms which play a crucial role in the
determination of the cell efficiency such as Radiative Recombination, SHR
recombination, Auger Recombination have been included in the code.
         Light does not enter through all the regions of the device since the top metal
contact has some reflectivity and thus prevents the light to enter the device called the
Shadowing effect. Thus Shadowing effect tends to reduce the efficiency of the solar cell
as the effective number of electron hole pairs generated within the device has been
reduced and this is observed during simulation. The surface recombination effect has also been included for the surface of the window through which light enters the device and
this also tends to reduce the efficiency.
         Finally the efficiency variation with the variation in the length of the device has
been simulated. Theoretically the efficiency increases initially with the increase in the
base length since the capture of higher wavelength photons or lower energy photons is
possible thus increasing the efficiency but with increase after a certain length a decrease
in the efficiency takes place due to the increase in the ratio of the length of the device to
the diffusion length. In this work the increase in the efficiency with length has been
simulated but the length could not be increased a lot to observe the decrease in efficiency
due to limitation of simulation time.
To download the full thesis of this project for your references you can go to this site:

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